Diabetes

Last update 12 - june - 2021

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Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that controls the level of sugar in the blood. Excess glucose in the blood, also known as high blood sugar level, is one of the common results of an imbalance in blood sugar control, and over time leads to serious damage to many body systems, especially nerves and blood vessels.

Types of diabetes

Glucose is the form of sugar in the blood, and that glucose is the main source of energy for some organisms, including humans, and many fruits contain a large proportion of glucose, such as: (grapes, figs, pomegranates, bananas, oranges, dates), and Bee honey also contains a large percentage of glucose, and an increase in blood glucose and insulin deficiency in glucose resistance leads to many health problems, the most important of which is the incidence of diabetes types:

• Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes , formerly known as "insulin-dependent diabetes", is characterized by a lack of insulin production, and insulin deficiency occurs when the immune system attacks the cells responsible for producing insulin. Patients with this type are often young and have His treatment is by taking insulin doses daily and regularly, constantly measuring blood sugar, and doing a cumulative check for sugar once a month, while adhering to the doctor’s advice.

Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes (excessive urination, thirst, constant hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, fatigue), and these symptoms may appear suddenly.

• Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes previously known as "non-insulin dependent diabetes", where the second type of diabetes results from the body not using insulin in the correct way, and this stimulates the pancreas to produce a lot of insulin, which makes it unable to continue on demand, which leads This leads to a lack of insulin production in the body, which leads to high blood sugar, and most diabetics suffer from Type 2 diabetes. This type sometimes causes excessive body weight and lethargy.

Since the symptoms of this type are similar to the symptoms of the first type, but do not appear suddenly; That is, it is less often seen, and this type of diabetes was observed only in adults, but it has also become common among children.

The exact cause is unknown, and contributing factors could include genetics, lack of exercise, and being overweight, and there may also be other health and environmental factors.

• Pregnancy diabetes

Pregnancy diabetes is an excess of glucose in the blood so that glucose values become higher than the normal level but do not reach the stage necessary to diagnose diabetes, and this is through hormones that prevent insulin produced during pregnancy, and this type of diabetes occurs pregnancy.

Women with pregnancy diabetes are more likely to develop complications during pregnancy and childbirth, and the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in the future increases for these women and perhaps even for their children.

Increased complications of pregnancy diabetes may harm the mother and the baby, increasing the risks (high blood pressure, preeclampsia, miscarriage, fetal birth defects).

Symptoms of diabetes

Common symptoms of diabetes:

• Frequent urination
• Excessive thirst and hunger
• Drowsiness and fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow healing of wounds
• Dry, itchy skin

Type 2 diabetes may cause dark spots in the skin folds in the armpits and neck, and since Type 2 diabetes takes time to be diagnosed, symptoms may be felt at the time of diagnosis, such as: pain or numbness in the feet.

Type 2 diabetes usually develops quickly and can cause symptoms such as weight loss or a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis, which occurs when blood sugar is high and insulin is not produced or produced in too little.

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Most people with type 1 diabetes have high levels of diabetic ketoacidosis in their blood, and these higher rates are among the most affected (children and adolescents), and this can also occur in people with type 2 diabetes (older adults). So, you know what diabetic ketoacidosis is, what are the ways to prevent it and what are the ways to treat it.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes, when cells are not able to produce enough insulin, which helps glucose “the main source of energy” to enter the cells until the fuel is burned as energy, and therefore due to the lack of insulin production in the body works on the accumulation of diabetes in the blood and the accumulation of Fats and the body works to destroy fat cells to be used as energy, and thus this process works to accumulate proteins in the blood producing so-called ketones, which leads to diabetic ketoacidosis if the appropriate treatment is not carried out.

Prevention of infection by diabetic ketoacidosis

How can prevent infection by diabetic ketoacidosis

• Regular monitoring of diabetes mellitus Maintaining a healthy diet and making sports activities a part of daily life, maintaining regular doses of diabetes medications as per their schedule and adhering to the doctor’s words.
• Monitoring the level of sugar in the blood, periodically checking the level of sugar and ketones in the blood and urine, doing the examination more than once or more frequently if you are sick or have tension, in order to maintain the level of sugar in the blood.
• Coordination of taking the insulin dose when needed, it is necessary to communicate and coordinate with the specialized doctor after diagnosing the case and determining the amount and time of the necessary doses so that blood sugar coordination is obtained, and also so that there is no conflict or effect from other treatments in case you are being treated for another disease.
• Drink more water to flush out toxins from the body and activate the liver.

Methods of treatment diabetic ketoacidosis

Options for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis several options, including:
Replenishing fluid deficiency	where fluids are supplied through the mouth or intravenously; So that the body is compensated for the lack of fluid lost as a result of frequent urination, and it also works to reduce blood sugar.
Electrolyte replacement	Electrolytes are minerals found in the blood that carry an electrical charge such as sodium, potassium and chloride, and a lack of insulin can reduce the level of many electrolytes in the blood, so those electrolytes will be replaced with others intravenously to maintain the normal function of the heart, muscles and nerve cells.
Insulin therapy	Insulin works in a way that reverses the process that may cause diabetic ketoacidosis, and also with fluids and electrolytes will be given insulin therapy, which is given intravenously. When the blood sugar level reaches less than (200 or 240) mg / deciliter, and there is no acidic blood left, here it is possible to stop the intravenous insulin, and return to the use of normal insulin therapy.

Diabetes prevention methods

In order to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes, Some simple measures must be followed, and in order to prevent type 2 diabetes, people should follow all of the following:

• Achieving an ideal healthy weight while maintaining it.
• Work on physical exercise at a regular time so that it is not less than 30 minutes during the days of the week, while maintaining weight.
• Follow a healthy diet with caution when eating sugary substances, fats and saturated fats.
• abstain from tobacco use; Because smoking increases the risk of heart disease.

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